miércoles, octubre 10, 2007
Miguel Poucel en la defensa del Castillo de Chapultepec
Miguel Poucel, heroico oficial de cadetes, vivió horas amargas en la defensa del Castillo de Chapultepec en 1847. El cadete lucía en su chaquetín las espiguillas de subteniente cuando luchó, a sus dieciocho años, junto con otros cuarenta y cinco cadetes del Colegio Militar contra trescientos efectivos del ejercito americano.
A los 16 años de edad, siguiendo su vocación a la carrera de las armas, ingresó junto con su hermano Fernando Poucel al Colegio Militar, permaneciendo en sus aulas dos años. Alcanzó, por méritos propios, el grado de Subteniente, asignándosele la responsabilidad de comandar la Segunda Compañía, la cual formó parte de la defensa del Castillo de Chapultepec aquel inolvidable 13 de Septiembre de 1847, en el que los niños héroes escribieron una de las páginas más bellas de la Historia de México.
A la Segunda Compañía se les había confiado la guardia del Hospital de Sangre, localizado al lado oriente del Castillo de Chapultepec. El occidente del Colegio estaba siendo defendido por la Primera Compañía al mando del general Monterde.
El tiroteo había principiado en la mañana del día 13. Los de la Segunda —formada por cuarenta alumnos, cuatro cabos, un sargento y un subteniente— no habían visto acción. Como a las 12 del día, se recibió aviso de que la posición llamada “Caballero Alto” había sido capturada por los americanos, los que ahora avanzaban hacia el oriente del Castillo. El oficial de la Compañía Miguel Poucel ordenó inmediatamente prepararse para el combate y tomar las armas.
Minutos después, el centinela Andrés Mellado gritó:
— !Alto! ¿Quién vive?
Momento histórico que irrumpió de manera profunda en los emocionados cadetes. Cada uno de ellos pensó en sus padres, familiares, amigos, en su escuela, en la patria y el honor. El grito del centinela fue un aliento de gloria que los impulsó a correr con sus armas, saltando sobre las cajas de parque y tomando sus posiciones. Los cadetes no hicieron esperar su respuesta a los primeros tiros de la fusilería enemiga.
Los muchachos estaban inmóviles sobre los parapetos, cargando y disparando sus fusiles. El valiente centinela, sonriente, se detenía de vez en cuando para contestar alguna bala que le pasaba de cerca, silbando siniestramente. Un cadete — ¡qué diablo, vaya que era bravo!— que siempre se había distinguido en el tiro al blanco, estaba muy contento sonriendo, detrás de su parapeto, casando americanos.
De pronto, el centinela gritó: — ¡Relevo! ¡Estoy herido! Miguel Poucel ordenó su relevó, había sido ligeramente rozado por una bala en el carrillo.
Miguel Poucel dirigía la defensa como un león. ¡Vaya que si era audaz y valiente! Había que verlo multiplicándose en los sitios de mayor peligro, alentando a los cadetes, infundiéndoles ánimo, cargando personalmente los fusiles, haciendo fuego certero.
—¡Sargento Noris! —ordenó Poucel.— Deje usted de tirar. Ocúpese en cargar las armas de los muchachos, porque estos malvados nos acosan por todos lados.
Mientras el Sargento ayudaba a cargar los fusiles y a llenar cartuchos, aparecieron por la puerta del “Rastrillo”, cerca de 150 soldados americanos, los cuales comenzaron a disparar, un nutrido fuego de infierno. A poco aparecieron otros 150, que redoblaron su ataque sobre las posiciones de los cadetes. Habían más de seis soldados americanos por cada cadete. Las cajas de parque empezaron a vaciarse.
—¡Sargento, los muchachos aflojan! Grito Poucel.
—Hay razón —le contestó el rudo Sargento—, el parque se nos ha agotado.
El general Monterde no podía trasmitir sus órdenes porque ya había sido apresado en la parte occidental del Colegio… Toda la responsabilidad recaía sobre el joven oficial, Miguel Poucel, quien gritaba "disparen solo cuando estén certeros". Las balas se estaban agotando y la rendición se avecinaba. Cuando entraron los americanos, Miguel Poucel, con las balas zumbándole, arrojó su fusil sin municiones e inició el ataque con su espada. Agustín Melgar se pertrechó con las pocas balas que le quedaban en la biblioteca, recibiéndolos a balazos, matando a uno de ellos y siendo herido, desgraciadamente murió poco después de amputársele la pierna.
Ya no había parque. Poucel ordenó a sus cadetes deponer y colocar sus armas en el suelo, haciendo lo mismo con su espada. Al acercarse las fuerzas del general Smith, subió primero sobre el reducto un joven oficial americano. Inmediatamente se dirigió al oficial Miguel Poucel, exigiéndole rindiera su espada. Poucel nada dijo y solamente, con mirada desafiante y altivo gesto, le señaló el arma que se encontraba en el suelo.
—Si quieren recogerlas —le dijo a sus cadetes— que se inclinen a tomarlas; nosotros jamás se las entregaremos.
Después fueron encerrados en los dormitorios de Chapultepec y al día siguiente se les condujo a Tacubaya, en donde se negaron de hacer el juramento de no tomar las armas contra la invasión. El día 15 se les puso en libertad, en México, a condición de no salir de la capital…
Fernando Poucel en Chapultepec
domingo, septiembre 09, 2007
Fernando Poucel at Chapultepec
While Fernando was directing his cadets, his younger brother, Miguel Poucel and a few of his fellow cadets were defending themselves with sables and bayonets. Both Miguel and Fernando studied sword fighting under tutelage of their father, Antoine Poucel, training that served them well on that fateful day. Miguel, only 17 years old, together with one of his fellow class mates, were fighting against several opponents, when one of the Americans' sable broke through and seriously wounded Miguel's partner, putting him out of combat. Miguel was left alone to block the advance of the attackers, an overwhelming task, when Fernando appeared out of nowhere! Within minutes three American soldiers were down nursing their wounds, the two brothers working together as one.
An American lieutenant, witness to the interchange, caught in rage and went after Fernando with determination. Fernando continued to thrust, hack and parry alongside Miguel, wounding what opposition they encountered. The lieutenant caught up with Fernando at the exit towards the garden and challenged him in an insulting manner. Most of the surviving cadets were already in the garden surrounded by the greater number of American officers and soldiers.
Sunlight from the large window above the exit illuminated the room brightly. The lieutenant, close to 30 years of age, was a little taller than Fernando, but not by much. His hair was blond and military short. His outstanding feature was the intense blue of his eyes, as intense as the morning sky that day in Chapultepec. Fernando turned as he listened to the challenge and offensive shouts of the lieutenant. The American approached him slowly, almost sluggishly, with arrogance, confident of his superiority and skill with the sable. Fernando's face was hidden under sweat, blood and powder smoke, making him look older than his 18 years. However, the cold stare of his eyes and confident demeanor made the North American hesitate. "Sir" - he began - "it seems that you like to attack from behind rather than fight face to face like a man!" The action ceased in that part of the Castle, all conscious of what was about to happen. The lieutenant was admired, not only by the soldiers under his command, but also by his fellow officers and superiors. He was recognized as the best swordsman in the regiment. Miguel knew his brother, who was not only the best in his class, but had already on occasion managed to stop his father's practice offensives, and even make him retreat, no small feat considering that his father, Antoine Poucel, was considered by many the best swordsman in Mexico. Miguel recognized that mocking, almost sad smile of Fernando which augured trouble.
An inclination of the head indicated the beginning of the duel. The lieutenant taking a deep breath feinted and sent a mighty thrust to surprise Fernando and finish the combat before it began. Fernando with a slight movement of his wrist parried the sable aside before reaching its mark. Both soon recognized themselves as worthy adversaries, maintaining their distance and positions with elegance and ease. The American held the initiative of the attacks, whereas Fernando defended waiting for an opening to counterattack. The fight had been going for two or three minutes and promised to extend itself. The adversaries were getting to know each other enough to be able to anticipate each other's movements.
Fernando grunted slightly as the lieutenant's sable darted through his guard and cut a thin line of red along his left arm, where the dark cloth of his uniform had been torn and hung loosely over the rest of the sleeve. Fernando continued as if nothing had happened, shaking the confidence of the American. Fernando threw a mighty quick thrust into the air signaling that the combat was far from over. With renewed vigor and a firm arm, Fernando took the initiative from the American, trying to finish, once in for all, with the clash. The American lieutenant smiled, accepting the challenge. The sables collided with an infernal noise, hacking with a loud hum the air occupied moments before by the adversary. The point of Fernando's blade opened a fine line on the American's cheek, who responded by redoubling his efforts. The ground showed the ferocity of the struggle stained with the smudged blood of the opponents. The duel seemed destined to a perpetual tie, but be it Fernando's youth, or his father's training, or his youthful passion, or his total disregard of death, the balance began to tip in his favor. In a sigh, after two thrusts in quick succession, the American did not regain his defense fast enough, and Fernando's blade entered high in the American's chest. The lieutenant, surprised by the move, grabbed his wound with his left hand while his sable hung useless from his right hand.
The American soldiers thought Fernando was going to finish off their lieutenant and went after him with everything they had, which made Miguel quit his contemplation and side along his brother. Before the twenty or so inflamed soldiers could kill the brothers, the American lieutenant calmed their spirits with harsh words, and facing Fernando asked him why he had spared him. Fernando passed a weary hand over his face, cleaning some of the sweat and grit, and said: "Sir, you were unarmed ". The American lieutenant, seeing for the first time the faces of Fernando and Miguel, exclaimed: "By God, but you are no more than children!" " No", answered Fernando," we are not children. I am Lieutenant Fernando Poucel and this is Second Lieutenant Miguel Poucel and we both know how to fight and die like men in defense of our school and country!" With new found respect and admiration, the American lieutenant asked them to lay down their weapons and led them to the garden were the rest of their fellow cadets were being rounded and taken prisoner. It was this honorable behavior of the American Lieutenant that saved their lives.
More than two decades later, in recognition of his valor and skill that fateful day in Chapultepec, his fellow cadets appointed Fernando to be the first president of the Association of the Heroic Military School.
jueves, agosto 09, 2007
Victor Hugo, los Poucel y la Intervención Francesa
Durante el imperio de Napoléon III, tiempo en que México sufría la intervención francesa y Víctor Hugo el exilio, el extraordinario escritor francés emitió una proclama que tenía por objeto manifestarle a Benito Juárez su apoyo y adhesión al gobierno republicano:
"¡Mexicanos! Tenéis la razón y yo estoy con vosotros . Podéis contar con mi apoyo. Y habéis de saber que no es Francia quien os hace la guerra, es el Imperio. Estoy de veras con vosotros porque todos estamos frente al Imperio; vosotros en México y yo en Europa. Vosotros en la patria y yo en el destierro. Combatid, luchad, sed terribles y si creéis que mi nombre vale para algo, servíos de él. ¡Apuntad a ese hombre en la cabeza y que la bala que lo mate sea vuestra libertad! ¡Valientes hombres de México! Resistid a la perfidia y a la traición. Y si lo hacéis, venceréis. Pero sabed que vencedores o vencidos, Francia será siempre vuestra hermana, hermana en vuestra gloria como en vuestra desgracia. Yo, por mi parte, envío a los vencedores mexicanos mi fraternidad de ciudadano libre; y si vencidos, mi fraternidad de proscrito."
Así lucharon Fernando, Miguel y Agustín Poucel contra el ejercito del Imperio, siguiendo el consejo de su Padre Antoine, quien próximo a morir, ante la pregunta de sus hijos ¿Por quien luchamos, por Francia ó México?, les respondió: “Quien los alimenta”.
lunes, julio 09, 2007
Our forebear Joseph Antoine Poucel
At about 1820, he was commissioned to train the Spanish troops stationed in Cuba. He decided to come to Mexico with his friend Toussaint. Given his reputation as a sword and fence master, he quickly became established as a private instructor to the upper class and officers of the Mexican Army. Soon, he was not only acknowledged as one of the finest swordsman in Mexico but also abroad.
He married Maria Guadalupe Gonzalez in 1827, having Fernando in May 1828, Miguel in 1830 and Maria Josefa in September 1832. Both his sons became fine swordsmen and played a relevant role during the defense of their Military School in the Castle of Chapultepec.
At 44 (December 1837), Antoine Poucel was hired by the Mexican Army to teach fencing and etiquette at the Military School, then at the Castle of Chapultepec. He was an officer and a gentleman.
In 1840 he founded the first military fencing school, probably located in the Betlemitas ex convent. He was responsible for the training of the officers and cadets that defended Mexico City against the American Invasion of 1847. His son Fernando, while a cadet, participated in the defense of the Chapultepec Castle against the American Army in 1947. Although his role in the defense of the castle has not been properly documented, our family elders would tell how he faced the best swordsman of the American regiment on a one to one duel and defeated him. Fernando later became brigadier general, and Miguel Colonel of Engineers.
After the death of his first wife, Antoine Poucel remarried in 1840 to Estefanía Santa Cruz Zamora, with whom she had eleven children: Isabel, José Antonio, Maria de Jesus Macaria, Eugenia Victoria, Romulo Eugenio Agustín, Manuel Henrique, Maria Concepcion Rosa, Juan Nepomuceno Alberto, Jose Gerardo Francisco, Felix Antonio Joaquin, Mauro Adolfo, and Jose Maria Emiliano Poucel, where this side of the family stems from. All his sons joined the army.
In 1858, Antoine traveled to Durham England to give some fencing exhibitions. Estefanía accompanied him, and took the opportunity to re-christen their daughter Maria Concepción Adela Poucel Santa Cruz. Estefanía's brother, who was also there, baptized his daughter Apolinaria Santa Cruz Lensina.
He continued to teach until the age of 67, retiring from the Mexican Army on 11 October 1860.
Almost blind and close to dying, with the imminent news of the disembarkation of the French Army in Veracruz, his children asked him: "Father, whom should we fight for, France or Mexico?" He responded: "Who feeds you", thus it exhorted them to fulfill with honor their commitment to Mexico. All his children thus defended Mexico against the French Intervention. His son Agustin Poucel, a lieutenant at the time, was one of the inmaculados who accompanied Juarez in his withdrawal to Paso del Norte during the French Intervention. And Fernando Poucel became Benito Juarez’ right hand in Chihuahua, Juarez ordered on 12 October 1864 General Fernando Poucel to establish a canon foundry and a weapons factory under his direction. Later, as the French Army was closing on the city, on 5 August 1865, Fernando Poucel commanded the trains, artillery and printing galleys out of the city.